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제 4 호 Why Fake News Become an Issue?

Kicker: OPINION (SOCIETY) Why Fake News Become an Issue? : What is Real? By Eugene Ha, Reporter eugine16@naver.com Today, with the development of online media, people can easily meet and communicate with various people, understand their culture, and even get to know their latest news. However, as technology advances not only in Internet technology but also in human society, the truth naturally loses place to stand in a society which is full of lies. So it has become difficult for people to find it and tell if the news and information they heard were true or not as they approached various mass media. We are living in a society where false information is perceived as right thing and easily leaked to others. The Oxford Dictionary has selected the word 'post-truth' as a feature of the current global era. In this age of ‘post-truth’, fake news has become social and cultural issues. So what is fake news? What is fake news? Fake news is false news, which takes the form of news, but is not true. It is intended to wrap false information as if it were true, or to spread what never happened as a real in the form of a press article. With the development of the internet and rapid spread of social networking services, fake news has become a social problem as individuals, not media companies, often make false news. From media misinformation to internet rumors, fake news’ definition and scope are being used in confusion within a wide spectrum. This fake news is not really a recent problem in fact. The history of fake news is as long as that of human communication. The history of mankind is no different from the history of the struggle against fake news. Even if you look at history a little, you can find countless cases of fake news. What is the latest fake news? ▲ Sept. 28 Participants shout slogans at a candlelight vigil for reform of the prosecution held in front of the Central District Prosecutors' Office in Seocho-dong, Seoul On Sept. 28, a candlelight vigil for prosecution reform was held in front of the prosecution building in Seocho-dong, Seoul. The organizers announced that 2 million people gathered. As the news spread, the Internet users expressed various suspicions, saying that they exaggerated the number of participants in the rally.With press releases and articles coming up, it was concluded that the number of participants was at least 50,000 using the police's method of estimating the number of protesters. Representative Park Sung-joong of the Korea Party, whose district is the location of the candlelight vigil, said, "I know every corner of the Seocho area more than anyone else, but the number of protesters between 1 million and 2 million is an exaggeration due to ignorance." He also presented a photo of a crowd of 100,000 people in Pyongyang, North Korea, and a Big Bang music concert held in Japan, which gathered 55,000 people, and said "Even if we gather 600,000, we can't get a million” adding, "No matter how much the press quoted, we should be careful." Some people even said “Let’s not call it the media,” which reports 1 million, 2 million informed by left wing groups. In addition to these false reports, many types of false information are being made every day. The reason why fake information and fake news are so scary is that the media of various platforms are introduced so that the false stories can be passed on easily and faster through SNS. This widespread misinformation can lead to misunderstanding among people and, furthermore, there would be national relations problems too. One piece of fake news creates tens of thousands of fake news stories. So anti-fake news laws and penalties should be stronger and we should not accept information as it is, but be active consumers who are able to think on our own, and accept only accurate information. ▲ Eugene Ha, Reporter Sources: http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/View/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0002574401&CMPT_CD=P0010&utm_source=naver&utm_medium=newsearch&utm_campaign=naver_news https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=3581205&cid=59088&categoryId=59096 http://news.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=0013765951&code=61111111&cp=nv https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=3566539&cid=43667&categoryId=43667

• 작성일 2019-12-05
• 좋아요 Like 3

제 4 호 Should the Statute of Limitations stay As It Is?

Kicker: OPINION(POLICY) Should the Statute of Limitations stay As It Is? Various positions and prospects of the statute of limitations by Yu-Jeong Kim, Reporter kyjmimi121@naver.com Do you know about the recent Hwaseong serial murder incident? About 30 years later, the real culprit of the crime, which happen in 1986, was arrested. People were angry and of course thought strong punishment was natural. But as the end of the statute of limitations for murder was in 2006, in fact there is no way to punish him. People are calling for the punishment of not only the murderer but also many violent criminals, regardless of the limitation period for prosecution. Thereafter, people are also interested and curious about the statute of limitations. Let’s find out what the limitation period for prosecution is and will consider and deal with the direction of improvement. ▲ The recent rise of interest in the statute of limitations in relation to violent crimes ▷ Definition and description of statute of limitations The statute of limitation is a system in which the right to punishment expires after a certain period of time. Therefore, once the statute of limitations is completed, even if a crime is committed, it is not subject to investigation and prosecution. The statute of limitations has been introduced as a matter of fact that, over time, evidence is difficult to preserve and punishment is less effective. The statute of limitations shall be imposed when the prosecution cannot exercise its right to prosecution, or when the accused person dies. Also, the duration of the statute of limitations also depends on the offense. For example, life imprisonment is 15 years and imprisonment for more than 10 years is 10 years. ▷ Controversy over the statute of limitations and the history of transformation Over time, the statute of limitations has been introduced and operated to prevent evidence from disappearing, weaken in social attention, and guarantee in the security of the living defendants. However, with the recent development of forensic techniques, there are more and more questions about the meaning of the statute of limitations. Especially in May 1999, Kim Tae-wan (6 years old at the time of death) was killed by a violent sulfur terrorist attack, and his case will never be forgotten. As a result, the National Assembly passed an amendment to the Criminal Procedure Act, the so-called 'Taewan law', 'which completely abolished the statute of murder for 2015. It is also due to the fact that prolonging the statute of limitations does not prove that the possibility of resolving a case of unjust crime is high enough. In addition, there are some people who are worried that if resources are concentrated in the past due to extending the statute of limitations, crimes of the present will not be investigated well due to the limited number of investigative personnel. ▲ History of the statute of limitations in Korean law I personally believe that the statute of limitations should be abolished. Because I think it is nonsense that there is a statute of limitations and you cannot realistically punish serious criminals. In addition, even the past crimes are crimes. If you commit a crime, the punishment for it is reasonable. In addition, if there is no punishment by exploiting the statute of limitations and enduring it for a long time, I believe that more criminals will continue to be created in our country in the long run. In fact, the Hwaseong serial murder case could have been immediately punished without the statute of limitations. Without a statute of limitations, interest in and investigation of ongoing crimes can be undertaken. In addition, our society will be able to reduce crime. There may be various opinions on this statute of limitations. As this issue is closely related to crime and society, we expect to have a lot of stories to talk about. Please tell us what you think about the statute of limitations. ▶Yu-Jeong Kim, Reporter

• 작성일 2019-12-05
• 좋아요 Like 3

제 3 호 To Be a True K-pop Idol Fan, Should I Prove the Cost?

Kicker: OPINION(CULTURE) To Be a True K-pop Idol Fan, Should I Prove the Cost? Excessive Spending Culture of K-pop Fandom by Min-gyeong Lee, Editor lee.mkpeach@gmail.com ▲ One of the major South Korean music awards ceremony presented annually by entertainment company CJ E&M The K-Pop idol industry nowadays has the most powerful influence abroad among Korean culture, which is an important way for foreigners to be interested in Korea. The national interest in the K-POP industry has increased, especially since BTS won the first place on the Billboard Chart and many books about how their success could be possible have flooded the market. About the reasons why K-POP idols, such as BTS, produce excellent results, some “self-proclaimed” experts cited elements such as bright steady efforts of artists or unique performance that emphasizes both dance and singing; however, hardcore K-pop fans sneer at those analyses. In fact, the factor that the masses do not know or consider serious is the factor of their success: that is, the sacrificial “support culture” of fandom. ▷"Support culture" of Kpop fandom The idol fan base is much more enthusiastic and sacrificing than the culture of other fan bases, and the entertainment agencies encourage it to be so. When a new album is released, K-POP fans use multiple devices to stream the album throughout the promotion period so that it can be raised to the top of the music chart and in order to increase the chance of winning a fan signing event; it is common to purchase from dozens to hundreds of the same albums. The fans often collect money for each member’s birthday, other specific anniversaries, or the days when idols can interact with their fans and present “support” items including from high-quality lunch boxes to various luxury brands. Fans may raise and pay for expensive advertising costs on subway walls for the purpose of publicity and celebrations on birthdays and anniversaries of their idol's debut. This is also a fact that is not well known. If the fan base is very small, the most sacrificing and enthusiastic fan, also known as “Homma”, is a home-master. This is a person who shares photos on the Internet by taking, retouching, editing photos and videos carefully, following the activities of entertainers, and sometimes even make loans to support costs alone. With the great success of the idol audition program "Produce 101" series provided by a music broadcasting station, Mnet, the kpop fans' active and voluntary promoting and support culture is getting deepened every day. It became known and controversial that fandoms of trainees who unfortunately haven't won the audition program recently raised about 100 million won for debut support money and sent it to their office. Even if someone point out the flaw of this phenomenon gently, those fandoms rather comment aggressively in protest against it, like “‘ggondaes’* are blaming for using my own money without permission”. ▲ Released Kpop Albums ▷Why is this excessive spending culture for Kpop idols happening? The Kpop industry has formed a loyal and armed fan base rather than using great performances and splendid music videos. Instead, it has fostered the fan base's enthusiastic attitude by promoting a state of mind of “pseudo - dating relationship”. They strengthen and maintain special and differentiated relationships from other relationships of "fandoms - subjects" (political figures' fan base, anime fandoms, game fans, etc.) through specific and various group concepts - for example, hot, innocent, cute, dreamlike, dashing, etc. -, autograph signing events for fans and online broadcast contents. Of course, the performance on stage includes those elements of “pseudo - dating relationship”, that is, the direction and production which stimulate the fantasy of lovers. We need to worry about nowadays excessive consumption culture for the Kpop idol industry. The K-Pop idol consumption culture still yet has a strong influence among young people, especially teenagers. These industries make youth and adolescents spend money and time on people who are virtually unrelated to them when they should invest in themselves for the future. As a result, this kind of culture has been based on the interests of the whole country to strengthen the influence of Korean culture overseas. However, it is not right to leave the matter unsettled. If someone indirectly or directly overcharges you, it is not really by their will. *ggondae: the Korean term for a narrow-minded old human Sources: https://www.kunews.ac.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=30376 http://www.ktv.go.kr/program/ranking/view?content_id=545914 http://idology.kr/9281 https://thepin.ch/think/mp43yr/idol-signature https://www.nocutnews.co.kr/news/5131126 https://aminoapps.com/c/k-pop/page/blog/most-wanted-kpop-album-2016-2017/LmI8_uwD6QRmdeRXp413ER37gRpRan

• 작성일 2019-09-19
• 좋아요 Like 5

제 2 호 Video Game Streaming: Copyright Infringement or Useful Advertising?

Video Game Streaming: Copyright Infringement or Useful Advertising? Min gyeong Lee, Editor lee.mkpeach@gmail.com "Game streaming helps to promote games." VS. "Broadcasts that are not allowed by game makers violate the maker's economic interests.” These days, online streamers who broadcasts themselve online through a live stream or pre-recorded video are in the limelight. One of the world's top YouTubers, “Pewdiepie,” who has the most subscribers for a long time has attracted attention by showing interesting reactions during gameplay (currently, he changed the main content). In the early 2010's, his popularity contributed to streaming games becoming established among YouTube's popular content. From then on, claims that exposing game content may damage game makers have begun to be steadily raised. As he was aware of such arguments, he only played the beginning of some games like Indie games, video games which are developed by individuals, small teams, or small independent companies (They are often created without the financial support of a publisher, although some games funded by a publisher are still considered independent) and he recommended that his subscribers play the rest of the games. “Great library” is also a game streamer who is paid the most attention by Korean media among the individual online broadcasters. When the game company Capcom protested against him in relation to the company's game copyright, instead of making an apology or dealing with the license, he countered to the company disrespectfully. The similar kinds of behavior were repeated by him and evoked an uproar online. This is one of the reasons why he is constantly criticized by gamers. On the other hand, some game makers and production companies are actively lobbying famous streamers to play their games. Furthermore, some game makers show gratitude and fan spirit to personal broadcasters (or small teams) who made their game famous; “Cry of Fear”, “Spooky's Jump Scare Mansion.” Therefore, game streamer fans advocate that game broadcasts help to promote the game. In the meantime, game fandoms and gamers claim that online game broadcasts harm most game makers’ rights. I also think it is unfair and not right that game streamers monopolize profits from game broadcasts. △Websites for sharing and streaming videos First of all, reacting to a game simply is difficult to be regarded as "creation" enough to guarantee a license. Other "creators", personal broadcasters or teams, develop their own content such as beauty, information, music, cooking, animation, and V-logs. By contrast, most of current game broadcasts are showing a simple level of game reaction. Of course, some people use the online gaming platform to provide multiple people’s roleplay and creative attractions. However, it is a recent trend to upload only the reaction that only plays the game from the beginning to the end, or only the play video without reaction. In this way, the enjoyment of the broadcast depends more on the quality of the game itself than on the ability of the streamer. Second, YouTube and other large online live streaming and video platforms do not guarantee the interests of game creators properly. Compared to the protected music copyright holder - making a video using music like adding subtitles to the singer's music and uploading footages using music as background music benefits the copyright holder - it is a reality that game producers cannot properly protect their interests. For example, "Undertale" is one of the few financially successful famous indie games. According to the steam-spy to provide information about the games sold on the Steam website (especially with regard to sales volume), the company of "Undertale" sold about 2.5 million pieces in 2017 standard. However, the views of the first video of the famous game streamer Markiplier (his subscribers: more than 20 million people) playing "Undertale" are much more than the sales volume of the game. Meanwhile, Korea also showed high sales volume of the video game in 10th place, but about 55,000 pieces were sold on the basis of 2017. In the case of the United States, about one third of the number of views of Americans’ most popular "Undertale" play-through video (more than 37 million) is similar to the actual sales volume (more than 12 million). In comparison, in Korea, the quantity less than 1/15 of the number of views of the most popular videos of domestic "Undertale" gameplay videos (more than 900 thousand) is similar to the sales volume (55,000). Through these analyses, we can see that it is certainly not very likely that watching videos of game streamers leads to the actual purchase of the game. Because most people think that additional consumption is unnecessary after watching the gameplay. Third, depending on the characteristics of the game, streaming games causes infringement to the producer. Of course, some of the famous game companies are happy to allow play-through videos. However, this is closely related to the features of each game. Online multiplayer games are less vulnerable to spoilers because variables exist indefinitely. There are also games created with the aim of promotional effect of viral reaction video like “Getting Over It with Bennett Foddy” known as “a pot game” (its nickname). However, on the other hand, game fans insist that when a game where the story is important leaks out, it is not different from leaks of films and music. After watching those play videos, people will not buy the game, and the game company will not try to make a good game with similar quality to the previous one after losses and it might even disappear. As a result, the recent game market is showing a big change. Many games are criticized today because many gaming companies make an investment only in exaggerated advertisements rather than investing in capital for creative stories and fun gaming or try to gather players with sexualized and sexist features even though the games are not adult rated. On the other hand, good games are priced from 30,000 won to over 100,000 won as the game companies tend to secure profits from players willing to buy conscientiously. In the end, when the number of good games is decreasing and only selective games that are not popular remain, the game streamers who ignore the problem will no longer have enough content. We should find ways to live together. △Min-gyeong Lee, Editor Sources: http://www.khgames.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=114191 https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/youtube-gaming-pewdiepie-fair-use-1.4309312 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie_game https://steamspy.com/ https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2490020?hl=ko https://www.flaticon.com/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/138161

• 작성일 2019-05-29
• 좋아요 Like 1

제 1 호 It’s Not Me, the Alcohol/Mental Illness Did It!

It’s Not Me, the Alcohol/Mental Illness Did It! About Mitigating Factors by Sarah Chae, Editor sarah3fran@gmail.com People commit crimes. Criminals are then sentenced with a charge or jail. However, according to the circumstances of the crime, sometimes it might result in reduced charges or a lesser sentence. These circumstances are called mitigating factors. Admitting the offense, mental or physical illness, provocation, young age, lack of a prior criminal record, and showing remorse are some examples of the mitigating factors we know. Out of all these mitigating factors, the SM Herald has decided to take a deeper look at mental illness and alcohol. The Criminal Law(Act) about Mental Disorders Let’s take a quick look at the law below which makes mental illness and alcohol a mitigating factor. We can see Korea’s Criminal Act thinks of mental illness as a mitigating factor because those people who have it are unable to make discriminations or control their will. In other words, people who are not capable of distinguishing things or making decisions are seen as a person with mental disorders. Therefore, people who have drunk alcohol and have lost control of themselves were also seen as a mentally weak people. This is why both factors are mitigating factors according to the law. The Department of Justice says that ‘being mentally disordered’ refers to a condition in which the mental/physical functions of cognition, intelligence, language, emotion, and behavior are disabled or impaired. Acknowledging this means admitting that a person who committed a crime because of their mental illness did it without self-indulgence or self-control. This means that if it were not for the disease they would not have committed the crime. Criminal Act Article 10 (Persons with Mental Disorders) (1) The act of a person who, because of a mental disorder, is unable to make discriminations or to control one’s will, shall not be punished. (2) For the conduct of a person who, because of a mental disorder, is deficient in the abilities mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the punishment shall be mitigated. (3) The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall not apply to the act of one who, in anticipation of danger of a crime, has intentionally incurred one’s mental disorder. The Public Opinions Toward the Mental Disorder ‘Excuse’ We now know that according to the law, people who have mental disorders have to be protected because the crime they have committed is without their self indulgence. However, we know that this law has brought us to a state of outrage. The following incidents are the biggest issues related to the mitigating factors people now seem to think as excuses. The ‘Jo Doo-soon incident’ has made, and still makes the public feel uneasy and outraged. In 2008, when Jo Doo-soon raped a child, he said he could not remember the incident because he was drunk. The court saw it as a mental disorder, (=a mitigating factor based on Article 10.2 of the Criminal Law) and he was sentenced to 12 years in prison. The‘8-year old Incheon kidnap/murder incident,’ ‘Kangnam station murder incident and the ‘Kim Sung-soo internet café murder incident’ are cases that have made the public see the criminals with mental illness seem as if they used the law as an excuse. People are not persuaded that being drunk or having a mental illness can be a mitigating factor. This is because victims have to think they were unlucky due to this reality, and it looks like criminals are not paying the price enough compared to the crime they have committed. As you can see in the picture, more than 1 million citizens signed the government petition for the Kim Sung-soo internet café murder case, and more than 4,000 petitions were written for the opposition to Jo Doo-soon’s release from prison. More than 4000 petitions were, and are still being written for the opposition to Jo Do-soon's release from prison. (above) Over 260 thousand citizens signed a single petition for the same issue as above.(below) More than 1 million citizens signed the government petition for the Kim Sung-soo internet café murder case. The public has not forgotten their outrage about these cases and you can see them through these numbers of signatures on the government petitions and the number of petitions that were written for these incidents. What has been/will be done? Let’s take another look at Article 10.3 of the Criminal Law. If Article 10.1 or 10.2 is used as an excuse, in other words, if the criminal intentionally incurred their mental disorder, the fact that they are mentally disordered does not apply as a mitigating factor. Other than that, after the Jo Doo-soon incident, later laws were enacted to prevent sexual crimes under the influence of alcohol from being thought of as mentally/physically disabled. The 2 laws below are the important laws that prevent sexual crimes (under the influence of alcohol) toward not only people, but especially children and youth. Act on Special Cases Concerning the Punishment, Etc. of Sexual Crime Article 20 (Special Cases for Provisions of the Criminal Act concerning Reduction of Sentence) If a sexual crime (excluding a crime defined in Article 2(1) 1) is committed in the state of mental disorder induced by drinking or use of medication, it may be excluded from the application of Articles 10 (1) and (2) and 11 of the Criminal Act. Act on the Protection of Children and Youth Against Sex Offenses Article 19 (Special Cases concerning Provisions for Mitigation under the Criminal Act) Articles 10 (1) and (2) and 11 of the Criminal Act may not apply to any sexual assault against a child or juvenile committed in a state of physical and mental incapacity induced by alcohol or drug. It is questionable if the current solutions are enough. It is good that there are laws that stop alcohol from becoming mitigating factors for the sexual crimes. However, this could only be a short-term solution, and there does not seem to be a definite solution for the mental illness mitigating factor problem. We need steady attention, improvement of our consciousness, and action to make the society move toward creating a stronger social safety gate or net for the ones who may become victims. Public opinion no longer sees mental disorders as an excuse to commit a crime. However we must clear our minds. We can feel outraged but we should not let anger and revenge for individual criminals cloud our minds. Then, what can, and what should we do as individuals? As I said earlier, attention can help us to realize the need for more thorough crime prevention and social policy measures, to make policy changes and improvement in the system in a way that supports human rights. Let’s think of the moment when attention leads to deeper thought, and when this becomes a more specific demand. That is when we will have the power to change a single moment, into motion. Sarah Chae, Editor *Source: http://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_mobile/viewer.do?hseq=33019&type=part&key=16 http://www.moleg.go.kr/english/korLawEng?pstSeq=58526 https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=28627&lang=ENG http://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=138767#0000 http://www1.president.go.kr/petitions/answer?page=2 https://blog.naver.com/mojjustice/221402486998 Official blog of the Department of Justice Image by 412designs from Pixabay Image by PublicDomainPictures from Pixabay Image by slightly_different from Pixabay

• 작성일 2019-03-25
• 좋아요 Like 0